is tunisia a democracy

They worked under the control of the police. This frustration affects the young start-up entrepreneur and the taxi driver – and the fruit seller Mohamed Bouazizi: They have all foundered over Tunisia’s rentier economy. Geopolitics and Syria: What's Happening and Why? In addition to all that, Tunisia needs to satisfy some other conditions before it could be considered the unique democratic country in the MENA region. Despite risks, the upcoming election for a constituent assembly in Tunisia is poised to succeed. But of all the countries whose citizens rose up, only Tunisia is still carrying the banner of democracy. First, most Tunisians believe that their country is far from being fully democratic. In the capital city, Tunis, where a second countrywide lockdown was imposed on the revolution’s tenth anniversary, people are pessimistic. In 2014, when the very first elections for the new constitutionally defined hybrid presidential/parliamentary democracy were held, the main parties appeared to have forgotten the revolution’s basic demands: freedom, jobs and dignity. The Republic of Tunisia is a North African country with a unitary semi-presidential democratic government. Tunisians want a ‘Democracy 2.0’ that finally fills the shell with democratic content. Intrigues and trading positions took centre stage, while defending privileges took precedence over making real reforms. The absence of ideas for stopping the country’s downward spiral is paralysing Tunisians. So he won’t be making any trouble for Tunisia’s entrenched political power structures. During the Bourghibian era, the religious discourse was officially determined by the political authorities. It all started on 17 December 2010 with the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi, a Tunisian street vendor, in protest against the confiscation of his wares. If we observe the political scene in Tunisia, there is a complete absence of pro-liberty elites. Recently, however, he’s been imprisoned again, for money laundering and tax evasion. In The Struggle for Law, Rudolf von Jeering said, “If we would know how a people, in case of need, will defend their political rights and their place among the nations, let us examine how the separate members of the nation assert their own right in private life.”. This may have two historical explanations. Constantin Groll in Quito explains what happened, To continue his neoliberal project beyond 2022, Macron is wooing France's right-wing base. Whether they’ll get one is unclear: Tunisian democracy will either go down in history as an anomaly – or as a model for a region whose transformation is far from complete. Tunisia’s Struggles. Now, their demands should guide the post-pandemic recovery, 10 years after the revolution, patronage and populism rule the country. In the past ten years, Tunisia has accomplished a lot. Author: Amir Mastouri was born in July 1994 in Beja, Tunisia. Hence the State is seen as a significant and idealistic symbol by the people of Tunisia. Firstly, having a strong State was critical for Habib Bourguiba, who aimed to impose reforms aimed at modernizing Tunisia. All over Tunisia people took to the streets, expressing their frustration and even engaging in violent confrontation with police. It enshrined basic rights in a new democratic constitution in 2014. The tectonic shifts in Poland's political landscape, 'The deep divisions in the left camp were decisive', Emmanuel Macron's dangerous election gamble, Denmark's social democrats seized the ‘corona moment’, China’s soft power debacle in Eastern Europe, Our care workers deserve more than just applause. However, a persistent economic crisis, political disaffection, and the inherent difficulties of a major political and … Furthermore, secularism finds its roots in the need for liberty. Structures and mechanisms that survived both the colonial era and the dictatorship persist under democratic governance. The political system’s dysfunctionality starts with Tunisia’s political parties. Sept. 24, 2019. Alliances are not built out of conviction or to implement specific policy issues, but rather as an end in themselves. After having served as a member of Doustourna and Amnesty International, he joined Libreafrique.org in 2014 as a contributor. Moreover, the Tunisian state is threatened with insolvency in the second quarter of 2021, not least because there are no tourists to bring foreign currency. Hardly anyone believes the economy can be restarted after the pandemic ends. Tunisia will hold its second-ever presidential elections on 15 September in a poll seen as a major test of the only democracy to emerge from the 2011 Arab spring.. Nowadays, Tunisia is suffering from the lack of liberty-defending ideas. Wars and bloody counterrevolutions followed. It’s clear that Tunisian democracy must reinvent itself. Labour’s electoral debacle shows European social democracy’s coalition-building challenge. Tunisia is a representative democracy with an executive president, a legislature and judiciary. There were no programmatic debates. They have to look on as established societal and social relations are perpetuated. Secularism is not an anti-religion system; indeed, it even aims to protect religiosity from the misuse of religion in politics. It reflected a rise in religiously-motivated violence, following the Bardo Museum attack on 18 March, which killed 22 people, but it also served as a stark reminder of the impact of instability across the Libyan border and the fragility of Tunisia’s burgeoning democracy. The South African Government’s Message to the World: “Do Not Invest Here”. The young generation that grew up in post-revolutionary Tunisia, it seems, has lost all hope for a better future. Tunisia holds the distinction of being the sole democracy to emerge from the Arab Spring, the wave of uprisings and revolutions that spread through the Arab world in spring 2011. Those politicians and political parties who try to question Tunisian politics’ fundamental evil are thwarted over and over again. As expected, however, Nidaa Tounes soon was fighting with its coalition partner, the Islamist Ennahda (‘Renaissance’) Movement, which had only recently been legalised. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Why Is No One Talking About the United States of Africa? “Tunisia,” Masri wants us to know, “has been non-Arab and non-Muslim longer than it has been either” (p.104). State hospitals are overflowing and private clinics largely unaffordable. Its democratic achievements are indeed admirable. Nonetheless, a decade after Tunisia’s radical change, its party democracy leaves a lot to be desired. Corruption continues to be among the chief sources of discontent for Tunisians and has impeded the country’s economic growth. and Egypt into military dictatorship, Tunisia has instead transitioned to and thus far maintained its democracy. So, seemingly, there was no separation between the State and Islam, and hence no secularism. Despite political instability there will be no return to authoritarianism in the foreseeable future. Tunisia began a pioneering but challenging transition from authoritarian regime to democracy. But for how much longer is the question. No other country in the Arab world has such a progressive constitution – one that guarantees fundamental civil rights. Violent extremism has been empowered by other anti-liberal policies, such as: These three axes constituted the ugly face of the Arab world for decades. Non-permanent writers and guests can submit their articles to us and we'll publish them. If a writer proves their writing skill, they may be invited to come on as a permanent writer. In 2020, the democracy index in Tunisia was at 6.59 points. We hope that the Constitutional Court will do what is necessary to lay the legal foundations for secularism in Tunisia. In the most recent election, held on Sunday October the 26 th, the political landscape of Tunisia changed and the transition of Tunisia from a dictatorship to democracy is slowly becoming a reality. Tunisia is a representative democracy and a republic with a president serving as head of state, a prime minister as head of government, a unicameral parliament, and a civil law court system. We should keep in mind that violent extremism is not the only enemy of liberty in the Arab world. The death in … But this strategy could end up putting Le Pen in power, The party has weathered the Covid-19 crisis remarkably well. Its most important member was the ‘Heart of Tunisia’ party of media mogul Nabil Karoui  – also known as the ‘Tunisian Berlusconi’. The US, Israel, and the PA all bear responsibility, With Sino-American tensions on the rise, China is under pressure to revive its weakening influence in eastern Europe, Across Europe, care workers have been on the frontline of the fight against Covid-19. Tunisia’s progress since the revolution in 2011 makes it an important democratic partner in a volatile region. Henrik Meyer heads the office of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Tunisia. In Tunisia, economic development has always presupposed access to powerful positions. Citizens voted and the secular party known as Nida Tounes (Call of Tunisia) won a majority of seats, at 85 of the nation’s 217 seats. Protestors as young as 15 attacked state institutions and looted supermarkets. While its neighbors collapsed into civil war or renewed dictatorship, Tunisia has broken the mold, transitioning to democracy in 2011 and maintaining it since. For the sake of establishing a democratic system in a free society, various conditions need to be fulfilled. For them, the events of 2010 and 2011 are merely stories from a history book belonging to another era. The Contemporary Meaninglessness of Words: Part of the Plan All Along? In other words, individual liberty and economic freedom cannot be guaranteed in a religion-based political context – even less so under crony capitalism and a corrupt judicial system. Tunisia has twice held successful parliamentary elections and is now a democracy, the first Arab country listed as "free" by the U.S.-based democracy advocacy … As history attests, the hijab was prohibited in the public sphere. Nevertheless, in the private sphere, we are no less than individuals with absolute freedom. In the public sphere, we are supposed to be regarded only as citizens with duties and rights. Tunisians want a ‘Democracy 2.0’ that finally fills the shell with democratic content. In addition to all that, Tunisia needs to satisfy some other conditions before it could be considered the unique democratic country in the MENA region. Ennahda, one of the most influential political parties in the Arab world and a major force in Tunisia’s emergence as a democracy, recently announced a historic transition. The lockdown was intended to prevent large crowds and demonstrations – not only those celebrating the revolution, but also those protesting political and social grievances. The Future of Democracy in Tunisia. Democracy Reporting International is a non-partisan, independent, not-for-profit organisation registered in Berlin Support to Constitution Implementation in Tunisia Following the adoption of the Tunisian constitution in January 2014, a new parliament (the Assembly of People’s Representatives) was elected in October the same year. Separation between the State and religion also supposes separation between the public sphere and private sphere. Its citizens, too, have long since become disenchanted. Whether they’ll get one is unclear: Tunisian democracy will either go down in history as an anomaly – or as a model for a region whose transformation is far from complete. Secondly, the labour union UGTT, thanks to its historical role against French occupation, got incessantly more powerful. Tunisia has a long history with secularism, but not an ideal version of it. Tunisians who don’t have access and power always hit glass ceilings. Even during the Ottoman Empire, favours were granted and decisions taken in the Bey’s backroom. But Tunisians want a deeper form of democracy, Tunisia’s struggle for democracy isn't over. The ‘modernists’ of the Nidaa Tounes (‘Call of Tunisia’) party incessantly invoked their connection to Habib Bourguiba, Tunisia’s secular founder, and despite having many representatives of the ancien régime, won an upset victory. Tunisia is currently witnessing a prolonged political stalemate amid increasing tension and fear for the country's future and democratic ideals in the Arab world. Tunisia’s democracy is far from perfect, but it has built a strong foundation with its ability to conduct free and fair polls. African Tigers: A Reasonable Reason to Hope, And Reason Towards Reason. The political system’s dysfunctionality starts with Tunisia’s political parties. Under a secular system, all citizens are equal, regardless of their religious convictions. Fakhfakh was immediately accused of conflicts of interest and forced to stand down in June 2020. The success of Tunisia’s bottom-up pursuit of democracy and economic freedom will be a success for the United States, too. The Tunisia Accountability, Decentralization, and Effective Municipalities (TADAEEM or “Consolidation”) project is a four year project that works with Tunisian government officials and other partners - especially at the local and regional levels - to help them develop more effective ways to provide necessary public services to the people for whom they are responsible. Before the 2011 Jasmine revolution, the political system in Tunisia bordered on dictatorship especially during the reign of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. But, unfortunately, the two other axes are still significantly present, and Tunisia is no exception, as some romantic analysts try to prove. And those who reacted with distrust against that terrible arrangement were immediately eliminated. Throughout the electoral campaign they instead zeroed in on the differences between modernism and Islamism. Tunisia - Tunisia - Government and society: For nearly the entire period between Tunisia’s achievement of independence in 1956 and the Jasmine Revolution, a popular uprising that unseated Pres. He is currently studying law at Toulouse 1 Capitole University, in France. It needs both the small-town and big-city worker, The adoption of EU funds have widened the cracks in Poland's ruling coalition — and shown how the Left poses a challenge to the liberal establishment, Instead of a victory for the Left, Ecuador now has an arch-conservative and neoliberal president. The country held free and fair elections in 2011, 2014 and 2019. Tunisia's democracy: A source of inspiration for the Arab world. He and his Civil Service, Governance and Anti-Corruption Minister, Mohamed Abbou, had dared to question the functioning and recruiting practices of state-owned enterprises. The most prominent case is the failure of the government of the social democrat, Elyes Fakhfakh. Masri’s central argument is simple: Tunisia is alone among Arab states in achieving democracy because it is culturally distinct from the rest of the Arab world. In fact, economic difficulties are not the main problem. In short order, several other despots also took to their heels. As the Arab Spring’s birthplace and its sole fledgling democracy, Tunisia represents an encouraging yet incomplete victory against authoritarian rule and violent extremism. Fighting corruption in the judicial system, heavily reforming the educational system, and reviewing … With parliamentary elections approaching later this month, Tunisian support for democracy has declined steeply since the early days of the Arab Spring. Consequently, every context in which individual liberty is considered a luxury, does not, in reality, offer to democracy the necessary conditions for viability. Even a decade after the Tunisian revolution, this regional type of clientelism continues to shape Tunisia’s political and economic culture – deep into the workings of the state-owned companies and civil service. We are talking about a country that is unable to prepare its own future independently of State diktat. A Rage Against the Eternal ‘Victim’ Status, Clifton Beach: A Betrayal of African Customs. Tunisia's democracy: Freedom is disappointingly messy, but there's hope Seven years after the Arab Spring, the revolution is being seen as the easy part. In other words, if a State is not secular, it would certainly be theocratic, and being theocratic inevitably means restriction on individual liberty. Thanks to the Arab Revolutions (2010-2011), dictatorship has been dethroned. Today, Tunisia stands as the great Arab hope for democracy, the possible light in a region where the other Arab Spring countries have descended into civil war or military dictatorship. Testing Tunisia’s commitment to democracy. And Tunisia overcame serious security challenges between 2012 and 2015. “Tunisia very clearly demonstrates that democracy is possible in this part of the world, something completely compatible with the Islamic values,” he said. We do have a deep respect for it, but as time changes, we should also change our mindset. It’s been a bit more than 10 years since longtime dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali fled Tunisia – on 14 January 2011. Contrary to what Tunisian pro-secularism analysts say, the first President of the Tunisian Republic, Habib Bourguiba, was never a secularist reformer. After the parliamentary r ejection of the government proposed by Habib Jemli on January 10, the current struggle the state faces in finally forming a government has raised additional questions for Tunisians about the future of the … A recent vote was the rejection of the way the political elite has conducted politics in the years after the Arab Spring. Just 48% of Tunisians now say democracy is preferable to other kinds of government, down from 63% in a 2012 poll conducted only months after a popular uprising removed longtime dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali from office. Some MPs switched factions many times within a single legislative period and most governments lasted less than a year. Citizens enjoy freedom of opinion and assembly, their lively civil society is not shy of conflict and trade unions and the women’s movement are influencing public discourse. In the past ten years, Tunisia has accomplished a lot. This attempt failed spectacularly. Now, their biggest challenge is to reconcile its climate goals with welfare investments, After losing their first chance to vote since 2006, Palestinians are deeply disappointed. The Covid-19 pandemic dominates daily life, with infection and death rates rising daily. There is no libertarian party, and indeed, not even a well-organized libertarian movement. Moreover, imams were selected based on political criteria. Nonetheless, a decade after Tunisia’s radical change, its party democracy leaves a lot to be desired. Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in 2011, the Tunisian political system featured a powerful presidential regime backed by a single political party. Since then, Tunisia has become a beacon of hope for those who believe in Arab democracy… Frequently described as the most democratic country in the Middle East and North Africa region, it still seems difficult to make a democratic case for Tunisia. We also hope that principled political parties will find reasonable compromises about neutral and functional secularism, so that such a system could provide political and popular legitimacy. Tunisia’s political parties, however, are merely symptoms of a much deeper problem. Ennahda has moved beyond its origins as an Islamist party and has fully embraced a new identity as a party of Muslim democrats. Yet after a Nobel Peace Prize and five free and fair elections, Tunisians are increasingly wondering what has really changed. The Constitution of Tunisia, adopted 26 January 2014, guarantees rights for women and states that the President's religion "shall be Islam". Yes please, I'd like to receive the IPS newsletter! With the PDL attracting the most voters, it’s clear that populism is now the biggest threat to Tunisia’s democracy. Just as Tunisia showed Arabs the way out of the prison of dictatorship three years ago, today it is again demonstrating that on the ruins of the old order a democracy … It goes without saying that in order to be democratic, a country has to do more than simply organise successful elections. Shortly after, another government was formed. The ‘Arab Spring’ had begun and was to change the region for once and for all. The Tunisian version of secularism turned into dictatorship. Tunisia’s mutually dependent social protests and corruption-prone bureaucracy have created the country’s peculiar character, a combination of grafter culture and civil servant mentality. The ex-regime nostalgics and revanchists of the Free Destourien Party(PDL) claim to be the heirs to Tunisia’s nationalist Destour (‘constitution’) movement and the only ones who can improve security and stability. Tunisians have closely watched the recent failures of the government to form, a process that has dragged on since the country’s elections in October until just this week. In October 2020, three times as many Tunisians crossed the Mediterranean than the year before. Thus, the country was classified as a "flawed democracy", alike, among others, the United States of America (7.92). The country has become tired and lethargic, and more and more young people feel that all they can do is leave. 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