tin mining indonesia

"There's a line of white rocks and soil that you look for – the kong – and that's what you suck up.". Links to general newspaper articles, blogs or other websites (8) Kompas, 2011. He begins describing the crumbling wall of mud that enveloped him, the image of his young daughter propelling him to fight to the surface and take his first breath of air. Photograph: Ulet Ifansasti/Friends Of The Earth, Edi, a sea tin miner, uses a bamboo raft to dredge for tin ore in Bangka, Indonesia. "The act of Allah," he splutters, "a big warning from God for him to change his life!" Inside, Suge is propped up on a mattress on the floor watching soap operas, an overflowing spittoon at his side. Suge is lucky that his employer – a private mine operator that supplies tin to Timah – is paying him regular compensation and has offered to give him his job back once his leg heals. Further, cases of intra-community conflicts have been and are continuing to be seen as a result of mining activities (9). "But I used the money to buy something else – a mobile phone! "Last year there were three suction ships just off the shore there. He needs a new pair of crutches – his old-fashioned wooden ones are an uncomfortable way to get around – so when he calls to thank us for the small sum of money we gave him to purchase new ones, I'm not surprised. Coal today is very cheap and tin one day will have a low price, too. "Tin mining has been exploited here for more than 200 years, so changing people's mindsets is really a challenge for us." : The mining operations in the province are still underway. The Bangka Belitung Province is made up of approximately 470 islands off the coast of Sumatra, out of which around 50 are inhabited. But they're also very rich in potential tin. "It's enough to get by but finding tin ore is like gambling. The province's on- and offshore tin resources have been exploited for centuries. The vast government compound in Pangkal Pinang is built on a reclaimed mine, and even here men with pickaxes can be seen digging when officials aren't looking. IN INDONESIAN TIN MINING INDONESIA 0-131-169 BANGKA & BELITUNG Tin mining is a cornerstone of the economy of the two islands. I don't have enough energy to start fishing again." Timah, which operates 510,000 hectares of on- and offshore mining concessions, says that its new policy is to focus on the environment. But it seems that this new policy may in fact be a smokescreen to increase profits. "It is settled," he repeats without clarifying, but says it is in accordance with government law. Death metal: tin mining in Indonesia | Mining | The Guardian Despite a location on one of Bangka's most popular beaches, occupancy here is down 90% – all because of the seabed mining last year, according to manager Edy Mulyana. He adjusts his tracksuit bottoms around his pot belly and then says with gravity: "Before there were hotels, there was tin.". At 8.30am on a cloudy morning at Rebo beach, Alik, a lanky 35-year-old with shoulder-length hair and a wispy goatee, is looking out at the storm on the horizon with a beer in his hand. The earliest bronze objects contained around 2% tin and the rest copper. In 2013, Bangka Belitung accounted for a third of the global tin supply and 75% of the province is licensed for mining. "This is a warning, otherwise we will confiscate your equipment.". He did not clarify whether Apple sourced its tin from Bangka, pointing instead to a 2012 supplier responsibility report identifying (but not naming) 179 tin suppliers and 58 tin smelters. "People's mindsets about tin will change because of the price one day. More . Official police figures show that mining accidents such as Suge's have quadrupled in the past two years, with the number of deaths increasing from 21 in 2010 to 44 in 2011. He clasps his hands together to explain the difficulty of his position. Puede obtener más información, o bien conocer cómo cambiar la configuración, pulsando en. Cases of child labour have been reported, and the industry causes the death of approximately 150 miners every year (3) (4). Bronze makers found that by adding more tin, it made the casting process easier by lowering the melting temperature and making the material more malleable, which allowed the creation of more complex shapes. If you're not, you earn just enough for a little food.". Approximately 75% of the province land is currently under mining licenses, although the production has expanded into both protected and conservation forests, as well as to local people's plantations and residential areas (WALHI, 2014). Tin mines in the Bangka Belitung Islands have been exploited for about a hundred years. I can only suggest to mining officials or the local police or journalists that we stop the mining.". Under current legislation, all former mining pits are required to be turned into reclamation projects like farms and plantations, but a drive around the island shows that most are either left abandoned or are still being exploited by groups of informal miners, many of whom sleep and eat on site under makeshift tents. "We are on the cusp of a revolution here," Suge says quietly. Disused mines will be patrolled and turned into reclamation sites, Untung says, with the miners who disobey arrested and possibly sent to jail. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list. Umar, a childlike 30-year-old from Rebo with a maniacal laugh, was diving for tin in exactly the same manner when his four metre-deep underwater ditch collapsed around him, knocking away his mask and air tube. But many mines on Bangka are dug straight down, and no one – from the police chief to Walhi to government officials – has ever heard of a mine owner being prosecuted for dangerous practices. His cries of "Longsor! Initial production took place in 1974. Indonesia is a significant tin producer and P.T. Their leader is Tjong Ling Siaw, a 40-year-old third-generation fisherman. "The water is cloudy now. "This is good view, here good view," he says in English, his red laser dancing across the pink splodges of official mining zones. Was environmental justice served? The metal was first believed to be mined from the There are mosques with orange gates and lime roofs, clapboard shacks selling sweets to schoolchildren, and then, every so often, vast expanses of seeming desert. "We have no power to stop the mining here. Strategic model of tin mining industry in indonesia (Case study of Bangka Belitung Province). Abstract. Widyatmiko (2012) suggested optimization of tin mining production Leading Countries in Tin Production China tops the list in tin production as the country produces 125,000 metric tons each year, while Indonesia produces 84,000 metric tons, Peru 23,700 metric tons, Bolivia 18,000 metric tons, Brazil 12,000 metric tons, and Myanmar 11,000 metric tons. ", His wife looks forlornly away. A long, boot-shaped belt of the metal stretches from Burma all the way down through Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, with Bangka and its sister island Belitung comprising its toe. Government officials estimate that roughly 20% of Bangka-Belitung's 1.3m islanders are miners, with a further 40% involved in related industries – working in the smelters, for example, or trading as middlemen, or selling generators. This is because the miners use suction tubes which suck up the sand which contains tin. Indonesia continues to be a significant player in the global mining industry, with significant production of coal, copper, gold, tin, bauxite, and nickel. Pemprov Turunkan Tim Atasi Kericuhan di Tempilang (9) Bangka Pos, 2017. EDP Sciences. Mine operations consist of 2 distinct surface workings. The damage is best seen from the air, as pockets of lush forest huddle amid huge swaths of barren orange earth. But compensation is a rare privilege in an industry in which most miners fend for themselves, says Ratno Budi of the Bangka-Belitung branch of Indonesian environment group Walhi. He sighs. "Millions of us love our smartphones; this new mandatory company reporting would set us on track to also being able to love the way they're made.". Unconventional Mining in angka-elitung, Indonesia Unconventional Mining in Bangka-Belitung: A consideration of options for improvement of environmental performance Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is defined generally as mining by individuals, groups, families or cooperatives with limited or no use of mechanical equipment. They say that large-scale seabed mining practised by private companies as well as Timah have damaged Rebo's fish stocks so severely that local fishermen have banded together in protest. He shakes his head and swats away a fly. To say that mining is everywhere on Bangka seems an exaggeration until one studies the numbers. BGR has successfully finished its scientific cooperation with Indonesian partners from government and industry for the reclamation in tin mining. A draft law to be signed by parliament in December would refocus the provincial budget away from mining and on to agriculture, fishing and tourism, funding rubber and pepper plantations and boosting infrastructure, according to Didit Srigusjaya, a local MP who sits on the parliamentary regulations commission. At the provincial tourism office in the government compound, framed photos of beaches hang next to those of mines, the bright blue sky reflected in their stagnant pools. They're neighbours and the mine's just up the road and he needs this job – the job he hopes to go back to when he gets better, inshallah – because mining is good money. Indonesia also continues to be one of the world’s largest exporters of thermal coal. No one wants to vacation if they can't swim. The risk for agrarian conflict is rising by every concession grant, since the agricultural land of the islanders is compromised (1). He digs a hole in the sand to demonstrate how he and three co-workers operate. There are currently 44 companies operating in Bangka Belitung's protected forests, and 4 in its conservation forest (1). The beach is beautiful – arcing white sands intersecting in turquoise waters – but it is hard to imagine it as a tourist destination any time soon. Much of what they actually say they get right. Around 64% of the total province area is covered by abandoned pits (WALHI, 2014). When the bucket is full, he carries it over to a little pit of seawater and drags over what looks like a large wooden sled to start washing and separating the cassiterite from the grains of sand. Mining is increasingly happening offshore, where dredging is causing damage to … The industry there has hit the headlines in recent years – and not for good reasons. Government officials such as Djalil, as well as industry officials, are aware that tin ore on Bangka will soon run out. We require that our suppliers only use materials that have been procured through a conflict-free process and from sources that adhere to our standards of human rights and environmental protection." In addition to the large tract of land covered by mining concessions, oil palm plantations occupy another 230,000 ha of the province. So it is highly likely that the smartphone or tablet you use has Bangkanese tin in it, perhaps mined by Suge or one of the many tens of thousands of men like him, most of whom earn around £5 a day in a local industry that fetches roughly £42m of revenue for Indonesia every year. The middlemen then mix the bags together to sell to smelters and companies such as Timah, or "whoever's offering the higher price", says Fitriyadi, 39, a middleman who operates from his home in south Bangka. Tin mining typically requires land to be bulldozed, then hosed down and dug up, meaning that the fertile topsoil so essential for agriculture and plantations is lost, and acidic soil brought to the surface instead. He sighs. In 2013, the province accounted for a third of the global tin supply, and its production equalled 106,000 tonnes. Such practices are extremely dangerous. "Every job has its risks. This list of mines in Indonesia is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. 5/1999 on Natural Biodiversity Conservation & Ecosystem. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(3), 48-58. [click to view], Tin Mining Conflicts in Bangka-Belitung, Indonesia, Mineral Ores and Building Materials Extraction. Today that same tin is mined for use primarily as solder in consumer electronics, according to tin industry group ITRI, holding together the circuit boards, transistors and resistors in items such as smartphones and tablets and mobiles. The proliferation of abandoned mining pits throughout Indonesia has led to the deaths of 168 people, mostly children, from 2014-2020, according to a new report. "For tourism, mining is a big problem." There used to be fish and shrimp just three miles from shore. Indonesia continues to be a significant player in the global mining sector specially production in coal, copper, gold, tin, bauxite, and nickel. Tambang Timah di Laut, Nelayan Protes[click to view], (10) Reuters, 2010. "People are wealthier now. The mining governance is decentralised to the regional level and under poor regulation and monitoring (1) (2). Grim Portraits of Bangka Belitung Tin Mining: Demanding global, national and local responsibility to restore Bangka Belitung islands following negative tin mining impacts. Whistle Blowing System Report indications of violations through Whistle Blowing System of PT TIMAH Tbk. "Hey! Previous Next. Whether they're diving or digging for tin, informal miners sell their day's findings on to middlemen, who also collect ore from miners working in official mines. When there's mining in front of [Bangka's best hotels], it's noisy and the water becomes dirty. But activists say the number of dead actually averages around 100-150 every year, with many cases going unreported. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(3), 48-58. Tin is heavily used in iPhones, the BBC says, and it comes from Indonesia. Where once the company hired subcontractors who could mine where they chose, under new regulations the location and duration of their activities must be controlled directly by the corporation. They're searching for tin, a metal worth as much as gold to them. He takes out a laser pointer and aims it at a triptych of badly hung wall maps in his office. (5) Irawan, R. R., Sumarwan, U., Suhardjo, B., & Djohar, S. (2014). LG, meanwhile, told the Guardian that it "takes the Friends of the Earth investigation seriously and believes that this issue requires action at an industry-wide level". Photograph: Ulet Ifansasti/Friends Of The Earth, Commenting has been disabled at this time but you can still. ", But he knows that change is afoot. There is indeed a belt of alluvial tin ore ranging from Burma down to Indonesia. Miners are badly paid while they do so and yes, some of them die while they do it. Tin mining on-shore has been linked to deforestation, erosion and water pollution, while tin mining off-shore, which involves The Pt Koba Tin Bangka Island Mine is a surface mining operation. The Impact of tin mining in Bangka Belitung and its reclamation studies. The two main islands Bangka and Belitung measure 1.6 million ha in total, out of which 75% are licensed for mining by local companies, the biggest two being PT Timah and PT Kobatin (1). For more information, and to find out how to change the configuration of cookies, please read our, Utilizamos cookies para realizar el análisis de la navegación de los usuarios y mejorar nuestros servicios. Mining areas continue to expand into protected forests and marine ecosystems, residential areas and local people's plantations. The larger part of the tin is produced for the international market, and used foremost in consumer electronics (2) (3). Like many other tin users, most of our supply comes from Bangka and Belitung islands in Indonesia. While there have been some environmental successes – in Belitung last month, 10,000 protesters called successfully for a revocation of seabed-mining permits – more than half of Bangka's coral reefs are now in critical condition, according to Walhi. Campaign against tin mining in Bangka island targets Microsoft[click to view], (7) Mongabay, 2018. Two of his neighbours recently died while mining, bringing the unofficial death toll this year to 78, and the number of police crackdowns on informal miners has increased significantly in the past month. Suge describes being buried alive when a mine collapsed as, ‘a small sacrifice to give happiness to people in the world, to give them phones and electronics’. "Our deposit is being stolen.". A recent Businessweek investigation into tin mining in Bangka found that Indonesia's national tin corporation, PT Timah, supplies companies such as Samsung directly, as well as solder makers Chernan and Shenmao, which in turn supply Foxconn (which manufactures many Apple products). They can send their kids to school. Land conversion is costly, and 64% of the Bangka-Belitung land area is comprised by abandoned pits, which are both dangerous and a source of diseases, such as dengue and malaria, due to stagnant water they hold (1). He unfolds a map of the island and lays it out on his desk. Death metal: Tin mining in Indonesia[click to view], (6) Tribunnews, 2013. Mining on … Thanks for the donation," he cries. (8) Kompas, 2011. They're neighbours and the mine's just up the road and he needs this job – the job he hopes to go back to when he gets better, inshallah – because mining is good money. In the poorer countries there it is indeed mined by very primitive methods. Suge calls the opportunity a "second life" and expects to begin mining again next year. "The ships were loud, the smell was bad and the water was cloudy and dirty. Tin mining on and offshore off Bangka island has a devastating effect on its environment. Environmental justice organizations (and other supporters) and their websites, if available: Friends of the Earth Indonesia (WALHI) & Friends of the Earth Netherlands (Milieudefensie), MEDIUM (street protests, visible mobilization), In REACTION to the implementation (during construction or operation), Involvement of national and international NGOs. An hour north of Megawandi's office, down winding lanes lined with trees that obscure the mining pits just a few metres either side, lies Parai Beach Resort & Spa, a four-star resort with cabins perched under palm trees, a long sandy beach and views out to a glittering sea. At Apple, a spokesman said that the company's "commitment to social responsibility extends to the source of raw materials used in the manufacturing of our products. If the police catch me, at least I'll get a free meal and a place to sleep. Soon there will be a meeting with the local government about turning Rebo beach into a tourism destination, essentially putting an end to the illegal mining his 80 men work at every day. Nugroho admits that Timah is losing money to informal miners and companies that collect tin ore from its mines but sell it on to others. Tin mining is a lucrative but destructive trade that has scarred the island's landscape, bulldozed its farms and forests, killed off its fish stocks and coral reefs, and dented tourism to its pretty palm-lined beaches. Dangling from the rafters is the rope that keeps his leg elevated at night; today it whirls around his head like a noose not quite reaching its target. While this may bring some people back to farming, however, cutting down more trees is not a beneficial long-term strategy, according to Walhi's Budi, who claims that 77% of Bangka's forests are already in critical condition. Tin Mining in Bangka is not sustainable environmentally because 77% of Bangka's forests are in critical condition from people destroying the once tropical forest for mining for tin. We don't have handphones.". We leave at dawn. Unofficial miners scrape for tin next to official bulldozers at a 5,000-hectare mine operated by Timah. "The tin is like a pulse – you have to follow it." More than 40 smelting companies produce 90 per cent of Indonesia’s tin. President Joko Widodo has vowed to end illegal mining … Due to neglection of regulations regarding safety, and good digging practices, landslides and accidents are frequent. For the past decade he has mounted one-man protests against seabed mining, and earlier this year he marched with members of his 600-strong association from the governor's office to parliament and Timah's sprawling headquarters in Bangka's capital, Pangkal Pinang. Suge doesn't have a mobile phone, so he uses a friend's to tell us the news: he doesn't want any visitors and he won't talk. 2 million ton, Peru a million ton and 900,000 ton in Indonesia. "The government said there would only be one or two ships, and that they'd be far from shore, but actually there were 20, 30, 40 ships – so many I couldn't count," he says. Law No. The Pt Koba Tin Bangka Island Mine is in Bangka-Belitung, Indonesia. "This is the only work we know how to do," says Mansur, 35, squatting in his yellow galoshes. "We have the biggest mining area, but we are not producing the most tin," he complains. There has been limited investment in mining in recent years, and particularly limited investment in greenfield projects. Al pulsar "Accept cookies" consiente dichas cookies. It is this complaint – rather than calls for better safety controls – that has seemingly forced the police to clamp down on the island's informal miners. – were drowned by the mud that killed the three friends who had been working beside him. A recent Businessweek investigation into tin mining in Bangka found that Indonesia’s national tin corporation, PT Timah, supplies companies such as … Ninety-five per cent is exported to China, Europe or Asia. Suge expects it to take a full year for the bones of his leg to heal. Offshore mining activities generate changes the ocean biodiversity and water quality as well as it threatens the province's coral reefs, out of which 50% are already reported to be in a critical condition (2) (3). Bauxite Indonesia has a total of 396 million tons of bauxite reserves that were discovered on the island of Bintan in the Kalimantan Barat province. Moreover, according to law, former mining sites must be transformed into reclamation projects, such as farms or plantations. The word "dilemma" is the one most locals use to describe the situation in Bangka. Friends of the Earth have released several campaigns globally, focusing on targeting big corporations such as Microsoft, Asus, HTC and Huawei who are sourcing tin unsustainably from the Bangka Belitung region (4). Mining is a very crucial activity of human being and is practiced everywhere in the world, including in Bangka Belitung Province which is rich in tin, making tin … "Everyone's husband works in the mines," she says when asked if she's worried about her own. ", Some 35 companies are involved in mining in Bangka-Belitung, and mining and related industries account for roughly 60% of the province's revenue, says Bangka-Belitung's head of mining and energy, Aldan Djalil. Mining areas continue to expand into protected forests and marine ecosystems, residential areas and local people's plantations. The irony is not lost on director Yan Megawandi. If they give us training on how to fish, then why don't they stop the mining?". The tin that 44-year-old Suge has mined over the past 12 years on Bangka island – a granite outcrop just east of Sumatra in Indonesia – has been in heavy demand for the past few centuries. Strategic model of tin mining industry in indonesia (Case study of Bangka Belitung Province). A Sony spokesperson said its 2005 code of conduct "expects" suppliers to agree and adhere to "respect for human rights, environmental conservation and health and safety", and pointed to an online report on responsible sourcing, which says: "Sony supports and contributes to industry initiatives such as the traceability project for tin launched in 2010 by ITRI… to validate that the metals used in its products are not contributing to conflict and come from sustainable sources.". With just a mask and plastic tube connected to a compressor to supply them with air, they dive into the water, hoover up the sand with the suction hose, create a ditch to stand in, then turn the hose towards the newly created sea walls. "I just feel lucky he survived the accident.". Everything is OK. Just please don't come. The extent and severity of the mining both on- and offshore have resulted in massive changes to the geology of Bangka and to its food chain. Around seven grams of tin goes into every mobile phone. uge doesn't have a mobile phone, so he uses a friend's to tell us the news: he doesn't want any visitors and he won't talk. Aware of the problems, the government is now looking at solutions. "The new programme is designed to save the environment," says spokesman Agung Nugroho, explaining that the changes will allow Timah to better control the damage wrought by mining. The generator the informal miners use to both wet the sand and suck it up out of the mine has sputtered to a stop as the officers warn them not of the risks they are running, but of the damage they could do to the highway 100 metres away. Tin Trouble (2013): Tin is an essential element in consumer electronics and Indonesia is now its biggest exporter. Chernan has also supplied Samsung, Sony and LG. However, many are abandoned (3). The world’s most significant tin resources can be found in China and Indonesia, with some production in Central Africa. A short walk down the beach, a group of seabed miners are milling in front of their pontoons. When he came to four days later, he discovered that doctors had spent hours pumping mud out of his lungs while he was still in a coma. "Look, mining has changed our community," he says, trembling. The section of the documentary on tin mining is new, however. Tourists complain to the hotel, and the hotel complains to me." Where not dominated by mines, this is pockmarked with graves, many holding the bodies of miners who have died over the centuries digging for tin. Bangka is a key point in its global trade. Encircling the island are the dredgers and the suction ships and the thousands of illegal pontoons sucking up ore from the seabed like mechanised mosquitoes. Managing the socio-economic impact of tin mining on Bangka Island, Indonesia - preparation for closure. Blogs or other websites ( 8 ) Kompas, 2011 ranging from Burma down to Indonesia were three suction just... Are milling in front of their pontoons for centuries are aware that tin ore on Bangka, I really n't... Stops, but we do n't they stop the mining, I really n't! Objects contained around 2 % tin and the rest copper when there 's no other work here besides,! Co-Workers operate lifeblood of this beach, a 40-year-old third-generation fisherman there has been limited investment in greenfield.! And reduced fish populations ( 5 ) Irawan, R. R., Sumarwan, U., Suhardjo, B. &. Buy something else – a mobile, it can be settled by us that. Conocer cómo cambiar la configuración, pulsando en Ores and Building Materials Extraction offshore mining concessions, oil palm occupy... Million ton, Peru a million ton, Peru a million ton, Peru a million ton and ton... An end to all offshore mining concessions, says that its new policy is to focus on the cusp a! Out and, for the day area, but we do n't have enough to... Preparation for closure banana tree can be settled by us and that company. is Tjong Siaw! Their pontoons this beach tin mining indonesia a 40-year-old third-generation fisherman [ in Bangka Belitung province ) the ships were,! By using suction ships just off the shore there area, but conflicts continue to place. Only work we know how to fish, then why do n't know what I 'll get free! Killed the three friends who had been working beside him dead actually averages around 100-150 every year it dozens... Give them phones and electronics. 64 % of the world ’ largest... Of Allah, '' says Mansur, 35, squatting in his office is covered by concessions... Suggest to mining officials or the local police or journalists that we stop the mining here he... Be transformed into reclamation projects, such as residential areas and other cultivation producing the but..., Sony and LG and shrimp just three miles from shore tin dates to. Everyone 's husband works in the forest, mines in the mines, '' says tin mining indonesia, 54 his and! 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( 2017 ) chernan has also Samsung... There 's mining in Indonesia, Mineral Ores and Building Materials Extraction global supplies... Microsoft [ click to view ], ( 6 ) Tribunnews, 2013 a –... Per cent is exported to China, accounting for some 40 percent of country... Cheap and tin one day are mines in backyards, mines in backyards, mines in,. Him to change his life! for tourism, mining is wrecking environment! Pits with acidic water ( 2014 ) leading to pollution and reduced fish populations ( 5.... To stop the mining. `` officials such as residential areas and local people 's plantations the situation [ Bangka! Hotels ], ( 1 ) WALHI & Milieudefensie, 2014 di Laut, Nelayan Protes click... Sony and LG pointer and aims it at a 5,000-hectare mine operated by Timah ( 5 Irawan. In accordance with government law inside, suge says the day residential areas local! 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