herodotus the histories summary

Mitradates left the corpse on the mountains, then after three days sent for Harpagus, whose men confirmed the death. The Scythians thought they were men, but discovered from some of the Amazonian dead that they were women! They armed themselves and prepared to fight the Persians; one volley of arrows did great damage and the survivors retreated higher up the mountain. The Greek polemarch was killed in the fighting, along with some of the generals. Oeobazus was delighted, but Darius had them all killed. So they crucified him on the shore next to the end of the pontoon bridge, and stoned his son to death while he watched. Hystaspes went back to guard Darius. Everyone must attend the funeral. Upon hearing of this, Cyrus asked Croesus what he should do? If Gelon was serious about saving Greece, he would need to acquiesce to Spartan leadership. The Spartans came to Samos. Hippias replied that the Corinthians will wish for the Pisistratids, when Athens is vexing them. He then boarded a Sidonian ship and inspected all his ships. Amasis himself also sent many offerings to shrines throughout Greece. From Thebes one comes to the Ammonians. As a consequence the Persians regard the Greeks as their foes. The Paeonians gathered in defense, but the Persians went around them to their now-empty cities. Persian account: Perseus was an Assyrian who turned Greek. Artabanus warned his brother Darius not to march against the Scythians, but Darius was not convinced. This sort of thing is why the Corinthians are chary of restoring Hippias. The Spartan Callicrates died of an arrow to the ribs. Cyrus held Astyages, his own maternal grandfather, in captivity for five years. The next day a great storm arose, and a “Hellespontian” wind from the northeast. Thermopylae is a very narrow pass between Mount Oeta and the sea. Sataspes also circumnavigated Africa. From the reign of Darius, then Xerxes, then Artaxerxes, more evils befell Greece than all the previous twenty generations. Answer: Cleobis and Biton, prize winning athletes who also pulled their mother in a wagon for 45 stades to a temple, and then died. They then came down and lined up in the plain, near the spring Gargaphia and the shrine of the hero Adrocrates. Lest she be subject to revenge, she threw herself into a cellar of hot ashes. You can use this to help establish your empire. The total number of ships not including penteconters was 378. Cyrus travels everywhere with water from the Choaspes river. One flows north and the other south. They don’t sow land but live off cattle and fish, and they drink milk. Patizeithes sent out heralds proclaiming that “Smerdis” was now king and that everyone should obey him. Cyrus replied that he held the position by vote of his fellows, and had justly punished the malcontent. Their names were Eurythenes and Procles, and they were usually at odds with each other, a tradition that has continued. Then the rest of the army crossed under the lash. Their land was not as fruitful as before, and they believed that they were being punished for their atrocious “Lemnian” deed, so they asked the Oracle what they should do. The coldness prevents cows’ horns from growing. Xerxes lamented this loss, and gave him a funeral at which the whole army poured libations. He made sure to bring the Thebans (whose commander was Leontiades), since they were under suspicion of Medism. The Greek envoys went to Crete to ask for their help. Their city is Gelonus, and is constructed of wood. After 505 years, Candaules (a.k.a. Whence these gods came into existence is anyone’s guess. After some parlaying, the Spartans allowed them to stay in the country, because the Tyndaridae had also sailed on the Argo.

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