the normans facts

History › Normans › Who were the Normans… Proud and fearsome, these Viking descendants were key players in tailoring the socio-political picture of Europe for much of the high Middle Ages. Three kings, a rash of hotly contested battles and an invasion that changed the British Isles forever. In 911 the Frankish king Charles III the Simple made the Treaty of St. Clair-sur-Epte with Rollo, ceding him the land around the mouth of the Seine and what is now the city of Rouen. Moreover, the once-rich trade and industrial networks of the city of Antioch continued to suffer after being superseded by the emerging commercial hub of Aleppo under Islamic rule. Just as the Normans became the typical exponents of Carolingian feudalism and of cavalry and castle warfare, so they also became in part the exponents and champions of religious orthodoxy. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Norman-people, British Broadcasting Corporation - Normans, Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shropshire or Shrewsbury. By 924 AD, he managed to add other proximate areas to his newly-formed duchy, including the districts of Sees and Exmes. By late 11th century AD, these knights came to dominate the battlefields of the medieval world of West Europe, and as such their prowess perfectly suited the Norman mode of fast and brutal warfare. Updates? But Norman imitation was never slavish, and is certainly not the whole story of Norman achievement.

Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Small wonder it is considered a year to remember. Thus, in Puglia and Sicily their control was based on faith in their own military superiority, their strategic use of castles and harbours, and their importation of feudalism to govern the relations of the count or king with his more important subjects. They displayed an extreme restlessness and recklessness, a love of fighting accompanied by almost foolhardy courage, and a craftiness and cunning that went hand in hand with outrageous treachery.

Even at the end of Henry I’s reign (1135) in England the whole structure of royal government remained fundamentally Anglo-Saxon—monarchy, king’s council, royal seal and writing office, the shire system and the sheriffs, the twofold revenue system consisting of the produce of royal estates compounded into annual cash payments and a direct tax levied on the landowning class, all originated before the Norman Conquest. This was a significant event in European history since the island with its dominant Christian population had been under the suzerainty of Arab rulers for more than 150 years. As the Normans settled England, they faced treachery, collusion and foreign threats. An unequaled capacity for rapid movement across land and sea, the use of brutal violence, a precocious sense of the use and value of money—these are among the traits traditionally assigned to the Normans. Their possessions were amalgamated by Roger II, a grandson of Tancred, in the early 12th century as the kingdom of Sicily, whose rulers retained a basically Norman character until the last decades of that century.
Having arrived in southern Italy in small groups just prior to 1020, perhaps in part as petitioners at the court of Pope Benedict VIII and in part as pilgrims returning from the Holy Land. The helmets were also evolved by the 13th century, with the ‘great helm’ possibly making its debut in the year of 1200 AD. From their settlements in Normandy the adventurous Normans embarked on several major expansionary campaigns in Europe. This societal force soon allowed them to wholesomely adopt the ‘foreign’ Carolingian culture and feudalism, thus transforming the Normans into a European entity that combined the viciousness of the Vikings and the acumen of more ‘advanced’ factions. We are talking about the ‘Holy Land’ in the Levant, and how the Normans played an active role in the First Crusade by establishing their state around the ancient city of Antioch (that encompassed parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria). Sources: Britannica / Etrusia / Gov.uk / BestofSicily, Book References: The Normans in Sicily: The Normans in the South 1016-1130 and the Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194 (by John Julius Norwich) / The Normans (David Nicolle), Home » Blog Posts » Culture » History of the Normans: Origins, Military, and Culture.
Surprisingly, though, the part played by the Normans in the early Crusades was relatively slight, consisting chiefly of the erection of the short-lived principality of Antioch by Norman nobles in the 12th century.

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