characteristics of molecules of a substance

There are strong cohesive forces (inter-particle forces) between the molecules of solid. or ions. A solid holds its shape and the volume of a solid is fixed by the shape of the solid. Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of atoms, molecules, and/or ions, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. It can be experimentally determined. The physical properties of a substance depends upon its physical state. Generally, their density is also definite; Solids are heavier than liquids and gases. In case of water, the cohesive force between water molecules is very less compared to the adhesive force between glass and water molecules. These can be easily overcome by heat. Thus, covalent compounds have low melting points and low boiling points. Characteristics of Solid State: Solids have a definite shape and volume. The strength of these interactions is an important factor that determines the substance’s physical properties. Covalent bonding results in the formation of molecules. Most organic compounds are stable because of the strong carbon-carbon bonds.Since they have a covalent nature, they do not ionize in solution and are non-conductors of electricity. The three normal phases of matter have unique characteristics which are listed on the slide. A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons. intermolecular forcesAttractive forces or interactions between different molecules in a sample of a substance. Liquid Covalent Nature: Carbon atoms form stable covalent bonds with one another. The particles in the diagrams could be atoms, molecules. bond lengthThe distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. Substance L enters the cell membrane through active transport, but the cell membrane may block the larger protein, thus blocking substance L, if it is attached to the large protein. In general covalent bonds determine: molecular shape, bond energies, chemical properties, while intermolecular forces (non-covalent bonds) influence the physical properties of liquids and solids. (a) Describe the biological need for cells to be surrounded by a membrane that is selectively permeable for different materials. Minerals like gypsum, fluorite and zircon exhibit fluorescence characteristics upon exposure to UV light. Solid. In the solid phase the molecules are closely bound to one another by molecular forces. depending on the type of substance, eg ionic compounds, small molecules, giant molecules, and metals. A carbon-carbon single covalent bond has energy of 346 kJ mol-1. For example: the water molecule is H 2 0. Simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points, and do not conduct electricity. The attractive force between the two molecules of the same substance is called as a cohesive force and the attractive force between the two molecules of the different substance is called an adhesive force. Water vapor, liquid water and ice all have the same chemical properties, but their physical properties are considerably different. This high energy indicates a strong bond. It is called a molecule to the union of two or more atoms by chemical bonds (of the same or different elements), forming a stable set. The physical properties of molecular substances. Molecules are made of fixed numbers of atoms joined together by covalent bonds, and can range from the very small (even down to single atoms, as in the noble gases) to the very large (as in polymers, proteins or even DNA). Explaining properties (Exception: ice is lighter than water). 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