mauritania human rights

23 October 2020,

Children who appeared before the court received more lenient sentences than adults, and extenuating circumstances received greater consideration in juvenile cases. The government encouraged local NGOs to join the government-sponsored Civil Society Platform during 2011. Separately, in February, visiting representatives of Human Rights Watch (HRW) were denied permission to hold a press conference at a hotel in the capital. Throughout its various activities, OHCHR Mauritania supports national stakeholders' efforts towards the establishment of an effective national human rights protection system, including through the provision of technical cooperation projects, capacity-building programs, a gender strategy and other relevant activities. [6]:page: 28, The law provides that children cannot be employed before the age of 14 in the nonagricultural sector or under age 13 in the agricultural sector unless the minister of labor grants an exception due to local circumstances; however, child labor in the informal sector was a significant problem, particularly within poorer inner-city areas. [20]:page: 243[21], Some boys from within Mauritania and other West African countries who study at Koranic schools – referred to as "talibes" – are subsequently subjected to forced begging by corrupt religious teachers known as "marabouts". Mauritania: Arbitrary detention of ten human rights defenders On 18 February 2020, 14 human rights defenders were arrested by the police and taken into custody at the special unit of the judicial police of Nouakchott. MAURITANIA: Blogger still detained one year after court decision quashing his death sentence. In August, the government also enacted a new statute to strengthen the Labor Code governing the employment of domestic workers in private households. In conclusion, the human rights situation in Mauritania, particularly where women and girls are concerned, is extremely worrying. [6]:page: 8, A special court hears cases involving persons under the age of 18. New York, 16 December 1966", "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In keeping with longstanding tradition, many children served apprenticeships in small industries and in the informal sector. H�t��j�P��=d�Y��W�`m�� $De��O|��3��?��s�f�X=��M_��\�c��O��ԗ){O��gYU��K�P�n�ן�cگ�m; V��x�6��3��W�{��Ui;��W��]v�^M6�>^�Ϸv_4��C�Q=o.Kק��H��RS��n�\t/�>eS\}�ߋM�vl>��xb�;-�*��L}��xt��~��u��w��"��G�_6��g��p�k�5bƘ!�!e(��p�#�� q��3��b�X ��'�b��!�. [6]:page: 24, The Mauritanian government's Program to Eradicate the Effects of Slavery, begun in 2009, continued during 2011. [6]:page: 24, The government also continued in 2011 its collaborative program with the United Nations on conflict prevention aimed at promoting democratic values and the rights of marginalized populations, including former slaves. It was common among other ethnic groups. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure. The issues include ethnic and caste discrimination, slavery, and the need for accountability for a campaign of atrocities against certain groups three decades ago. [6]:page: 26, The law prohibits forced or compulsory labor, including by children. Frete GRÁTIS em milhares de produtos com o Amazon Prime. Some marabouts provided their talibes with insufficient food and shelter and forced them to beg for over 12 hours a day. This practice was common in Moor society. The majority and opposition parties engaged in a national dialogue from 17 September to 19 October to resolve their political impasse, but no timetable for Senate, National Assembly, or municipal elections had been established by the end of 2011. [6]:page: 4, Because of poor security and dangerous prisoners sharing cells with less dangerous ones, prisoners lived in a climate of violence in 2011. UN Watch has documented Mauritania’s gross human rights abuses here. The size of this human rights violation and recent crimes against activists warrant American attention and aid for those longing for liberty in Mauritania. The child protection Penal Code states that any act or attempt to damage a female child's sexual organs is punishable by imprisonment and a 120,000 to 300,000 ouguiya (US$410 to $1,034) penalty. Authorities generally granted permission in 2011 but on some occasions denied it in circumstances that suggested the application of political criteria. Excessive Use Of Force. There were no organizations advocating for sexual orientation or gender-identity rights, but there were no legal impediments to the operation of such groups. Mauritania was the last country in the world to abolish slavery in 1981, but the practice continues. The government in 2011 provided no support for programs to assist victims in filing complaints on slavery. Amnesty International has accused the Mauritania legal system of functioning with a complete disregard of legal procedure, fair trial, or humane imprisonment. Overeating to conform to cultural standards was practiced primarily in rural areas, but many urban women endangered their health by taking pills to gain weight or increase their appetite. On 11 October 2011, a new police force, the General Group for Road Safety, began operations under the Ministry of the Interior. [6]:page: 27, In 2011, men, women, and children were trafficked for and subjected to domestic service, street begging for unscrupulous religious teachers, and slave-like relationships as domestic servants or herders. [6]:pages: 4–5 There were reports that police did not inform family members or friends of the location and condition of detainees in a timely manner, preventing them from receiving adequate food. [6]:page: 14, Mauritania returned to constitutional rule in 2009 following the Dakar Accord,[18] which resulted in the agreement of President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi to resign and the formation of a Transitional Government of National Unity. Human rights groups continued to report prisons lacked adequate sanitation and medical facilities. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. [6]:page: 26, While antiunion discrimination is illegal, national human rights groups and unions reported that authorities did not actively investigate alleged antiunion practices in some private firms owned by very wealthy citizens. Contraception was available at private health centers for those who could afford it. The practices commonly occurred where there was a need for workers to herd livestock, tend fields, and do other manual labor. [6]:page: 25, Mauritanian law allows workers to form and join independent unions of their choice and provides the right to conduct legal strikes and to bargain collectively, although long and complex procedures must be followed before a legal strike can be called. Opposition and independent candidates denounced what they characterized as heavy pressure on the municipal councilors to vote for majority party candidates and on independent candidates to withdraw. Initially, the majority of Afro-Mauritanian returnees were unable to obtain identity cards and birth certificates, but according to ANAIR, all returnees are included, or scheduled to be included, in the new national registration database that was launched on 6 May 2011. (Nouakchott) – Mauritania's human rights defenders face repression when they raise the most country's most sensitive social issues, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. Former slaves were often subjected to social discrimination and limited to performing manual labor in markets, ports, and airports. MAURITANIA 2015 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mauritania is a highly centralized Islamic Republic with a president as head of state and a constitution grounded in French civil law and sharia. Its goals were to reduce poverty among the 44,750 former slaves in the Assaba, Brakna, Gorgol, and Hodh Ech Chargui regions and improve their access to water, health, education, and income-generating opportunities. [20]:pages: 243–4, Mauritanian girls as well as girls from Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, and other West African countries are forced into domestic servitude. The Global Slavery Index reported that there were up to 47,000 slaves remaining in Mauritania. The law provides that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work. Nevertheless, women who did not establish a solid contract remained unprotected. Since its independence in 1960, Mauritania and the United States have enjoyed a strong partnership based on shared interests and mutual respect. They were also ordered to pay a fine of 1.35 million ouguiya (US$4,655). ar en fr. Government hospitals and licensed medical practitioners were barred from performing FGM, and several government agencies worked to prevent others from perpetrating it. [6]:page: 3, Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in 2011 continued to denounce overcrowding and long pretrial detention. [6]:page: 17, Domestic violence was considered a serious problem in 2011. Persons who convert from Islam lose their citizenship. The government acknowledges that some forms of trafficking are a problem in the country. Some members of the opposition asserted that the permits issued favored progovernment interests. Sexism, racism, female genital mutilation, child labour, human trafficking, and the political marginalization of largely southern-based ethnic groups continued to be problems. Workers and unions organized several strikes during 2011. International labor observers reported that authorities also repressed a number of strikes. Throughout its various activities, OHCHR Mauritania supports national stakeholders' efforts towards the establishment of an effective national human rights protection system, including through the provision of technical cooperation projects, capacity-building programs, a gender strategy and other relevant activities. They have the right to a public trial and to be present during their trial. [6]:page: 3, According to the penitentiary administration directorate in 2011, the women's prison is less crowded and therefore more comfortable than the men's. Since its independence in 1960, Mauritania and the United States have enjoyed a strong partnership based on shared interests and mutual respect. The government, however, failed to allocate sufficient funds for improving prison conditions in the existing facilities during the year, and overcrowding, violence among inmates, and poor medical care in prisons continued. Mauritanian women and girls are forced into prostitution in the country or transported to countries in the Middle East for the same purpose. In 2010, the Association of Female Heads of Families (AFCF) provided legal assistance to 1,753 domestic violence victims. Human Rights in Mauritania is generally seen as poor according to international observers, including Freedom House, the United States Department of State, and Amnesty International.. With a July 2012 estimated population of 3.4 million, Mauritania is a highly centralized Islamic republic with no legal provisions for freedom of religion. [6]:page: 7, Poorly educated and trained judges were susceptible in 2011 to social, financial, and tribal pressures that limited judicial fairness. Reporting by some NGOs, including SOS‑Esclaves, strongly stated that domestic employment, often unpaid, of girls as young as seven in wealthier homes was a growing problem. Article 306 of the Penal Code outlaws apostasy. Claiming Human Rights - in Mauritania. In practice, rape cases rarely went to trial. The International Committee of the Red Cross had access to prisons and conducted multiple prison visits, including visits to terrorism suspects, in accordance with its standard modalities. The most recent statistics on FGM indicated a decrease in incidence from 71 percent in 2001 to 65 percent in 2007, mainly due to a decline in the practice among urban dwellers. Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. In response to what it described as an increased terrorist threat, the government set up mobile roadblocks where gendarmerie, police, or customs officials checked the papers of travelers. Children of female prisoners remained with their mothers or were placed by the Ministry of Justice in the temporary custody of family members. [6]:page: 15, There were 18 women in the National Assembly and six in the 56-seat Senate in 2011. Encontre diversos livros em Inglês e Outras Línguas com ótimos preços. Significant human rights issues included: an unlawful or arbitrary killing by the government; allegations of sexual abuse by the country’s peacekeepers; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrests; blasphemy laws; restrictions on freedom of association; widespread corruption; lack of investigation and [6]:page: 6, The application of constitutional safeguards continued to vary widely from case to case in 2011. [6]:page: 8, The courts in 2011 did not treat women equally in all cases. Overview: Mauritanian Network for Human Rights in The US is a nonprofit 501(3) organization gathering Mauritanian immigrants living in the US. [11], Internet access is available in urban areas throughout the country, with home access common among the affluent and internet cafés serving the remainder of the population. [22], Young rural children were commonly employed in herding, cultivation, fishing, and other labor to support their families. According to International Telecommunication Union statistics for 2009, approximately 2.28 percent of the country's inhabitants used the Internet. The High Council of Islam, consisting of six imams, advises the government on conformance of legislation to Islamic precepts. Although significant advances were made during 2011, government efforts to enforce the antislavery law were widely acknowledged to be inadequate when compared with the dimensions of the problem. There were no developments in the case of Salma Mint Jiddou, a Nouakchott widow, whose inheritance was claimed by her husband's owners in March 2009. Citizenship can be derived from one's mother under the following two conditions: (1) if the mother is a citizen and the father's nationality is unknown; or (2) if the child was born in Mauritania to a citizen mother and repudiates the father's nationality a year before reaching majority. He remains on death row, as the Supreme Court upheld his sentence and sent the case back to a lower court. Language: English . During the year officials released 30 children from this center and monitored their subsequent activities. [6]:page: 19, Women still faced legal discrimination in 2011, and they were considered minors in the eyes of the law. 2: July 16 to July 31, 2011", National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, "Corruption Perceptions Index 2011", Transparency International, Mauritania, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, Mauritania. Coming from French colonial rule, Mauritania was ethnically divided between Arabic speaking Berber tribal confederations of the north and sedentary black populations of the south, many of whom were traditionally bonded communities or enslaved individuals. h�b```b``~�� Ȁ �@1V ��`*n�ld�{��!��;�mK��A��.Ls㞆�R�d��Oagk;�� @\�� 5|gU��Ϊ$��榉� �j_�*�:h�7�q��mh=N�@z�$Kߑ��|��0��u��^�Ԁ��M�D��ۑ,��[��6U�V��ی5��t�Ğ�wh'b��P��?��n0�%� jkQ� MAURITANIA: Blogger still detained one year after court decision quashing his death sentence. The law defines slavery and prescribes a sufficiently stringent penalty of five to 10 years' imprisonment for violations. [16]:page: 2, There were no reports of abuses of religious freedom in 2011. [6]:pages: 9–10, On October 5, 2011, the legislative branch adopted amendments to the 2006 Press Freedom Law that abolished prison sentences for slander and defamation of individuals, including heads of state and accredited ambassadors. New York, 26 November 1968", "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 7. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. Mauritania, with an estimated population of three million, is a highly centralized Islamic republic governed by President Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, whose April 19 inauguration highlighted the country's first successful transition to democracy in its 50 years of independence. There were numerous reports that police arbitrarily detained individuals for several hours or overnight at roadblocks in Nouakchott or other towns. ... 20/10/2016. [6]:page: 14, Indirect elections for another one third of the Senate seats were originally scheduled for 24 April 2011, but they were postponed twice due to the inability of the government and a coalition of opposition parties to agree on the opposition's demand that the Electoral Code be rewritten, the ruling coalition dissolved, and laws regulating the media reformed. Thanks to this robust and long-lasting relationship, DRL is able to support programs in Mauritania … [7], Some journalists practiced self-censorship when covering topics deemed sensitive, including the military forces, corruption, and the application of Shari'a. Dehah, who was originally arrested in June 2009 on charges of defamation of presidential candidate Ibrahima Sarr for publishing an article stating that Sarr bought a house with campaign money from General Aziz. [6]:page: 6, The government rarely held security officials accountable or prosecuted them for abuses in 2011. Neither the Afro-Mauritanian national languages nor the local Hassaniya Arabic dialect were used as languages of instruction. [16]:page: 4, The government prohibits the printing and distribution of non-Islamic religious materials, although possession of these materials is legal. H�l��j�P��=d�Y��W�Rh��vJ� �ɱ��d��-7�m��Ӿ=�e��G݌G�YV��8��&��iH�u�m�#��]O^��П��}O߲*m��*�u�]m��o�.�ӯ�vW4/��˪ͱ�~�]jY�S��|�x*��b�� .|��\��,~;u)��Č�W�U�wE��H��m��e��q�#V��u�\x��m��/��s��p8ǔ1E�3�0�E��pD0qøA�s�=��x@,�#�w�d,+��G�z�G�z�G�z�G�z�G�z�G�z�G�z�G�z�G�Qz�G�Qz�G�Qz�G�Qz�G�Qz�G�Qz�G�Qz�G�Qz��1z��1z��1z��1z��1z��1z��1z��1z��qz��qz��qz��qz��qz��qz��qz��qz��'� z��'� z��'� z��'� z��'� z��'��xf�e��&��t-�}?�_�u�� [� �b� On 15 May, three juveniles received the death penalty, in violation of national legislation and ratified international conventions, for their role in the death of another minor. Government officials were somewhat cooperative and responsive to their views. The law states that employed children between the ages of 14 and 16 should receive 70 percent of the minimum wage and that those between the ages of 17 and 18 should receive 90 percent of the minimum wage. On 20 November, the first conviction for slavery was obtained in the case of two enslaved youths. [6]:page: 16, In 2011, the government enforced the requirement that senior officials, including the President, file a declaration of their personal assets at the beginning and end of their service. Workers must provide advance notice of at least 10 working days for any strike. The law criminalizes the practice of slavery and imposes penalties on government officials who do not take action on reported cases. According to these reports, police detained motorists or passengers without asking for identity papers or vehicle registration, and without searching the vehicles. The ministry formally arranged the repatriation of 12 youths under the program and provided family counseling for the repatriated youths plus additional youth who had previously worked as camel jockeys. Racial and cultural tension and discrimination also arose from the geographic and cultural divides between Moors and Afro-Mauritanians. It is fighting for human rights, civil rights and better opportunities for Mauritanians, both in the US and in Mauritania. Defendants have the right of appeal. Children born abroad to citizens can acquire citizenship one year before reaching majority. The minimum age for children to be tried is 12 years old. Image of Dead Immigrant Child Torches America By - Larry Beck. Human rights defenders, journalists, bloggers and political activists were subjected to intimidation, harassment, arbitrary arrests and detentions, with a peak around the presidential elections in June. It … [6]:page: 18, The government in 2011 recognized the right of individuals and couples to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing, and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so free from discrimination, violence, or coercion. An unbiased citizenship verification procedure obtained in the modern wage sector, primarily subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry to workers! Expression of views via the Internet, including both boys and girls and women should receive pay! [ 22 ], young rural children were commonly employed in regularly paid positions General Mohammed Ould Abdel Aziz who... Water and building materials are relatively free of government pressure few Christian churches in the US in... Marriage practiced only among White Moor tribal groups between 16 March and 19 March 2009 and again on June... Many children served apprenticeships in small industries and in Mauritania, the government rarely held security officials or! 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Agree to refrain from proselytizing or otherwise promoting any religion other than Islam and a focus of some 's... With health problems received little or no care, and medical facilities marches or..., fair trial, or humane imprisonment join the government-sponsored civil Society Platform during 2011 avoided! Accountable or prosecuted them for abuses in 2011 livros escritos por United States have enjoyed a partnership! Phrases and never difficult to understand rights report executive SUMMARY Mauritania is a member today two was! Master received a sentence of two enslaved youths reception and insertion '' of youth in conflict with the for. Also among those released his sentence and sent the case of two years ',! Health centers mauritania human rights minors against torture and other labor to support their families infibulation, the of... A public trial and to be conducted once the Ministry of Justice the... 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